Hannibal Goodwin: The Inventor of Celluloid Film

Hannibal Goodwin, an Episcopal clergyman, revolutionized photography by inventing transparent, flexible roll film made from nitrocellulose. His invention, crucial to the development of motion pictures, was patented in 1898, but Goodwin died before seeing its widespread use, after a legal battle, his patent was recognized as significant and awarded a substantial settlement.
American inventor in film development
Hannibal Goodwin
Born(1822-04-30)April 30, 1822
Ulysses, New York
DiedDecember 31, 1900(1900-12-31) (aged 78)
Occupation(s)Episcopal Clergyman, Inventor
Known forinventing celluloid photofilm
SpouseRebecca
Goodwin living quarters at the Plume House rectory of House of Prayer Church, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places

Hannibal Williston Goodwin (April 30, 1822 – December 31, 1900), patented a method for making transparent, flexible roll film out of nitrocellulose film base, which was used in Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope, an early machine for viewing motion pictures.

Biography

Goodwin was born on April 30, 1822, in Ulysses, New York, and was raised on a farm. He began taking college classes at Yale Law School in 1844, then Wesleyan University, and finally earned his degree in 1848 at Union College. Goodwin began studying at Union Theological Seminary in New York City to become an Episcopal preacher. After taking positions in Bordentown (Christ Church, 1852-1854), Newark (St. Paul's, 1854-1858), and Trenton (Trinity Church, 1859) in New Jersey, he went to California to recover his health from a bronchial complaint, serving parishes in Napa (Christ Church, 1859-1862), Marysville (St. John's, c.1859-1862), and San Francisco (Grace Church/Cathedral, 1862-1867). In 1867, Goodwin came back to New Jersey settled down as the fifth rector of the House of Prayer Church in Newark, where he would serve the next twenty years. Essex County, New Jersey.

Goodwin was motivated to search for a non-breakable, and clear substance on which he could place the images he utilized in his Biblical teachings. He set up a chemistry lab in the attic of the Plum house rectory and sawed a five foot hole in the roof for better sunlight. : 335  On May 2, 1887, the year Goodwin retired from the church he had served for twenty years, he filed a patent for "a photographic pellicle and process of producing same ... especially in connection with roller cameras", but the patent was not granted until 13 September 1898. In the meantime, George Eastman had already started production of roll-film using his own process.

In 1900, Goodwin set up the Goodwin Film and Camera Company, but before film production had started he was involved in a street accident near a construction site and died from complications of a broken leg and pneumonia on December 31, 1900.

Legacy

Goodwin's patent was sold to Ansco who successfully sued Eastman Kodak for infringement of the patent and was awarded $5 million (over $120 million in 2020) on March 10, 1914.

The Newark International Film Festival named one of their main awards the Hannibal Goodwin Award for Innovation in Filmmaking.